Ubuntu如何配置C++网络编程环境

在Ubuntu上配置C++网络编程环境，你需要安装必要的开发工具和库，然后创建和编译C++源代码文件。以下是一个简单的步骤指南：

安装必要的开发工具和库

1. 更新包列表：

sudo apt-get update

2. 安装编译器和构建工具：

sudo apt-get install build-essential

3. 安装CMake（可选，用于更复杂的项目）：

sudo apt-get install cmake

创建项目文件夹和文件

1. 创建项目文件夹：

mkdir cpp_networking_project
cd cpp_networking_project

2. 创建CMakeLists.txt文件：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(cpp_networking_project)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)

add_executable(server server.cpp)
add_executable(client client.cpp)

编写服务器和客户端代码

server.cpp：

#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cstring>

const int PORT = 8080;
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *message = "Hello from server!";

    // 创建 socket
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Socket creation failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 绑定 socket
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Bind failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 监听连接
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Listen failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 接受连接
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t *)&addrlen)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Accept failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 读取客户端发送的数据
    read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    std::cout << "Message from client: " << buffer << std::endl;

    // 向客户端发送消息
    send(new_socket, message, strlen(message), 0);
    std::cout << "Message sent to client" << std::endl;

    // 关闭 socket
    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);
    return 0;
}

client.cpp：

#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>

const std::string SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1";
const int PORT = 8080;
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *message = "Hello from client!";

    // 创建 socket
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Socket creation failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    // 将IP 地址转换为二进制格式
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP.c_str(), &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
        std::cerr << "Invalid address / Address not supported" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 连接到服务器
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Connection failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 向服务器发送消息
    send(sock, message, strlen(message), 0);

    // 从服务器接收消息
    read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    std::cout << "Message from server: " << buffer << std::endl;

    // 关闭 socket
    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

编译和运行项目

1. 编译项目：

mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
make

2. 运行服务器和客户端：

./server & ./client

这样，你就成功在Ubuntu上配置了C++网络编程环境，并创建了一个简单的TCP服务器和客户端示例。你可以根据自己的需求修改代码，实现更复杂的功能。

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